Since Brexit, the process for European Union (EU) citizens to live and work in the United Kingdom has changed significantly. Prior to the UK’s departure from the EU, EU nationals enjoyed the freedom of movement, which allowed them to live, work, and study in the UK without a visa. However, post-Brexit rules now require EU citizens to follow a more structured immigration process.
This article will guide EU citizens through the steps required to become a UK resident, outlining key visa routes, legal requirements, and practical tips.
The Impact of Brexit on EU Citizens
Brexit fundamentally changed the relationship between the UK and EU in terms of movement and residency. The UK’s freedom of movement for EU citizens ended on 31 December 2020, and the EU Settlement Scheme was introduced to allow EU citizens already in the UK to retain their rights. For those looking to move to the UK now, the process involves different visa routes and residency requirements.
The EU Settlement Scheme (For Those Already Living in the UK)
If you were living in the UK before 31 December 2020, you may have applied for the EU Settlement Scheme. This scheme grants EU citizens the right to continue living in the UK under two statuses: Settled Status and Pre-settled Status.
Settled Status:
EU citizens who have lived in the UK for 5 continuous years can apply for Settled Status. This allows you to stay in the UK permanently.
You can work, study, and access the UK’s National Health Service (NHS) with Settled Status.
After holding Settled Status for one year, you are eligible to apply for British citizenship.
Pre-settled Status:
If you were living in the UK before 31 December 2020 but have not completed five years of residence, you may have been granted Pre-settled Status.
Pre-settled Status allows you to live in the UK for five years. After five years, you can apply for Settled Status.
You must apply for Settled Status before your Pre-settled Status expires.
If you did not apply for the EU Settlement Scheme by the 30 June 2021 deadline, you must now follow the standard visa process to live in the UK.
Visa Routes for EU Citizens Post-Brexit
For EU citizens who did not apply for the EU Settlement Scheme or wish to move to the UK now, a visa is required. Below are the most common visa routes available for EU citizens:
Skilled Worker Visa: This visa is for EU citizens with a job offer from a UK employer. It replaced the previous Tier 2 (General) Visa and allows skilled workers to live and work in the UK.
Family Visa: EU citizens with family members who are British citizens or UK residents can apply for a Family Visa to join them in the UK.
Student Visa: EU nationals who wish to study in the UK must apply for a Student Visa. This visa allows you to live in the UK while studying at a UK-based institution.
Innovator Visa or Start-up Visa: For entrepreneurs or business owners, these visas provide an opportunity to establish or run a business in the UK.
Skilled Worker Visa for EU Citizens
The Skilled Worker Visa is a common route for EU citizens who wish to live and work in the UK. This visa is available to those who have a job offer from a licensed UK employer.
Eligibility Requirements:
You must have a valid job offer from a UK company.
Your job must meet the minimum salary requirement, usually at least £26,200 per year.
Your employer must be a licensed sponsor.
You must prove your knowledge of the English language.
Steps to Apply:
Secure a Job Offer: The first step is to obtain a job offer from a UK employer who is registered as a sponsor for Skilled Worker Visas.
Prepare Your Documents: You will need your job offer, Certificate of Sponsorship (provided by your employer), proof of English language proficiency, and evidence of personal savings if required.
Submit Your Application: Submit the visa application online through the UK government’s portal. You may need to attend a biometric appointment to provide your fingerprints and photograph.
Visa Processing: Visa processing times typically take around three weeks for EU citizens applying from outside the UK.
After five years on a Skilled Worker Visa, you can apply for Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR), which allows you to live in the UK permanently.
Family Visa for EU Citizens
If you have family members who are British citizens or residents of the UK, the Family Visa is an option for EU citizens who wish to join their loved ones. This visa applies to spouses, civil partners, children, and dependent relatives.
Eligibility:
You must be in a genuine relationship with a UK resident (e.g., spouse, partner, child).
Your UK-based family member must meet the income threshold, which is generally £18,600 per year.
Application Process:
Gather Evidence: You will need to provide proof of your relationship, such as marriage certificates, birth certificates, or other documents demonstrating your family ties.
Submit Application: Family Visa applications are submitted online. You may need to attend a biometric appointment for identity verification.
Visa Duration: Family Visas are typically granted for two and a half years, after which you can apply to extend your stay. After five years, you may be eligible for ILR.
Student Visa: Studying in the UK as an EU Citizen
For EU citizens looking to study in the UK, the Student Visa is the required route for university, college, or other academic programs. The UK is home to many prestigious universities, making it a popular destination for EU students.
Eligibility Requirements:
You must have an offer from a recognized UK educational institution.
You need a Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (CAS) from the institution.
You must show proof of financial ability to support yourself during your studies.
Post-Study Opportunities:
After completing your studies, you may apply for a Graduate Visa, which allows you to stay and work in the UK for up to two years (three years for PhD graduates).
You can later switch to a Skilled Worker Visa if you find qualifying employment.
Permanent Residency and Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR)
Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) is the UK’s equivalent of permanent residency. Once an EU citizen has lived in the UK for five years on a qualifying visa, they can apply for ILR.
Requirements for ILR:
You must have lived continuously in the UK for five years.
You must meet the residency and absence criteria, which means you should not have spent more than 180 days outside the UK in any 12-month period.
You will need to pass the Life in the UK Test, which assesses your knowledge of British culture, laws, and history.
You must prove your proficiency in the English language.
Once granted ILR, you are no longer subject to time limits on your stay in the UK and can live and work without restrictions. After holding ILR for one year, you can apply for British citizenship.
Practical Tips for a Smooth Transition
Migrating to the UK involves more than just obtaining a visa. Here are some practical tips for making your transition as smooth as possible:
Financial Planning: The cost of living in the UK is high, particularly in cities like London. Budget for accommodation, transportation, and healthcare.
Finding Accommodation: Research different areas based on proximity to work or educational institutions. Renting is a good option initially before deciding where to settle permanently.
Healthcare: Register with the National Health Service (NHS) to access healthcare. You should register with a GP (General Practitioner) soon after arriving.
Opening a Bank Account: Having a UK bank account is essential for managing your finances. You will need proof of address and identity to open an account.
Legal Compliance: Stay up to date with visa renewals, tax obligations, and other legal requirements to avoid any issues with your residency.
See also: How To Migrate To The UK From Malaysia
Conclusion
The process of becoming a UK resident for EU citizens has changed post-Brexit, but there are still several pathways available. Whether you are moving for work, family, or study, it’s important to understand the visa options and requirements.
By carefully planning your application, ensuring legal compliance, and preparing for the practical aspects of life in the UK, you can successfully become a UK resident. Whether you are seeking career opportunities, reuniting with family, or pursuing higher education, the UK remains an attractive destination for EU citizens looking to build a new life.
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